毒死蜱是否列入POPs， 2021年1月見分曉?。?！

毒死蜱是否列入POPs， 2021年1月見分曉?。?！

2020年10月14日，歐洲化學品管理局(ECHA)在其官網上發出通告，邀請各利益相關方對毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos)列入歐盟持久性有機污染物法規(Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulation, POPs)進行評議.

2021年1月 有關POPs的斯德哥爾摩公約的各相關方將進行討論，是否將毒死蜱列入POPs公約附件。多方渠道獲悉，毒死蜱的主要生產國中國和印度明確反對將該產品列入POPs。

毒死蜱簡介：

毒死蜱是一種晶體有機磷殺蟲劑，在農藥行業中已使用五十多年，是一類較老的和毒性較大的農藥品種。2000年在美國毒死蜱年用量估計在2000~2400萬磅，大約50%用于農業，而另一半用于非農業。它于1965年由陶氏化學公司開發，常用的商品名有Dursban和Lorsban。根據歐盟的一份報告，毒死蜱具有難降解以及遠距離遷移的能力，它也被認為對發育中的兒童有害，能夠損傷神經系統。目前，研究人員已經在北極和亞北極湖中的沉積物甚至人類母乳中發現了毒死蜱。因其具有環境持久性、生物積累的潛力、對水生生物和陸生動物（包括人類）的毒性以及在包括偏遠地區在內的環境中的廣泛存在，歐盟得出結論：毒死蜱的使用可能會導致嚴重的人類健康損害和環境影響，因此必須采取全球行動來限制毒死蜱的使用。毒死蜱在中國的主要生產廠家有紅太陽、豐山集團、湖北犇星、連云港立本、浙江新農，年產量在3萬噸左右；印度的主要產能在2萬噸左右。

以下是歐盟關于將毒死蜱列入POPs的文件資料，供參閱。

Chlorpyrifos, which belongs to the group of organophosphate pesticides, is widely applied as an insecticide in agriculture and as a biocide to control non-agricultural pests. In 2008 chlorpyrifos pro-ducts were authorised for use in more than 88 countries. Usage as a biocide was phased-out in the European Union by Commission Decision (2007/565/EC) by 2008 (EC, 2007). A decision on phasing out most non-agricultural applications was adopted by the EPA in 2000 (US-EPA, 2006). However, usage as a biocide, e.g. for termite control in buildings, is still practiced in other countries. For example, termite control is still recommended by Indian authorities (GOI, 2020).

In 2014 the human health risk assessment on chlorpyrifos was revised by the US-EPA (2014). Risks were identified for workers; potential risks were found for drinking water. According to the US-EPA (2017) exposure to chlorpyrifos is also linked to the delay of mental development of young children. In 2019, the renewal of the approval of chlorpyrifos for use as active substance in plant protection products has been denied in the European Union (EC, 2020), following the risk assessment carried out by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2019). EFSA had concluded that the approval criteria, which are applicable to human health as laid down in Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 are not met. The data presented in this dossier is considered relevant, unless noted otherwise. All other information, as well as most tables, can be found in the INF-document.

毒死蜱列入POPs的文件資料：Draft proposal for listing chlorpyrifos in Annex A to the Stockholm Convention